INTRIGUING LYMPHOMA PATTERNS: A RADIOLOGIST'S CHALLENGE

Waqas Ahmad, Iram Zaheer, Khawaja Bilal Waheed

Abstract


Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma are a diverse group of tumors of lymphocytes, originating in lymph nodes and some timefrom sites other than primary lymphatic organs called ‘extra nodal disease’. There is a surge seen in the cases of extra nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, attributed to many factors namely HIV, use of immunosuppressant medications as well as indolent viral infections. There are many subcategories and histological subtypes that are the most important predictor of the outcome. Some of the Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, have site specific predilection as well. Extra nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma can present with diverse manifestations and at times it is difficult to differentiate from other organ related pathologies. That is why thorough knowledge of various imaging presentations of extra nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is crucial. The purpose of this article is to look at a few chosen cases of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and observe different visceral involvements in those patients, and to find out how lymphomas affect organs other thanlymph nodes.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Krapcho M, et al. SEER Cancer statistics review, 1975–2007. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2007/, based on November 2009 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2010.

Groves FD, Linet MS, Travis LB, Devesa SS. Cancer surveillance series: non Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence by histologic subtype in the United States from 1978 through 1995. J Natl Cancer Institute. 2000;92:1240–51.

Paes FM, Kalkanis DG, Sideras PA, Serafini AN. FDG PET/CT of extranodal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease. Radiographics. 2010;30:269–91.

Even-Sapir E, Lievshitz G, Perry C, Herishanu Y, Lerman H, Mester U. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT patterns of extranodal involvement in patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Radiol Clin N Am. 2007;45:697–709.

Office for National Statistics. Cancer statistics registrations 2007: registrations of cancer diagnosed in 2007, England. London, UK: Office of Public Sector Information, 2010: series MB1 no. 38

Hernandez-Maraver D, Hernandez-Navarro F, Gomez-Leon N, et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography: diagnostic accuracy in lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2006; 135:293–302

Matasar MJ, Zelenetz AD. Overview of lymphoma diagnosis and management. Radiol Clin North Am 2008; 46:175–198

Guermazi A, Brice P, de Kerviler E, et al. Extranodal Hodgkin disease: spectrum of disease. RadioGraphics 2001; 21:161–179

Lee WK, Duddalwar VA, Rouse HC, Lau EW, Bekhit E, Hennessy OF. Extranodal lymphoma in the thorax: cross-sectional imaging findings. Clin-Radiol 2009; 64:542–549

Sheth S, Ali S, Fishman E. Imaging of Renal Lymphoma: Patterns of Disease with Pathologic Correlation. RadioGraphics. 2006 ;26(4):1151–68.

Cronin CG, Lohan DG, Blake MA, Roche C, McCarthy P, Murphy JM. Retroperitoneal fibrosis: a review of clinical features and imaging findings. AJR 2008; 191:423–431

Gollub MJ. Imaging of gastrointestinal lymphoma. Radiol Clin North Am 2008; 46:287–312

Ghai S, Pattison J, Ghai S, O’Malley ME, Khalili K, Stephens M. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma: spectrum of imaging findings with pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 2007; 27:1371–1388

Zucca E, Conconi A, Cavelli F. Treatment of extranodal lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2002;15:533–47.

Paes FM, Kalkanis DG, Sideras PA, Serafini AN. FDG PET/CT of extranodal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease. Radiographics. 2010;30:269–91.

Sarah JV, Rodney HR. Reticuloendothelial Disorders: Lymphoma. In: Adam Andy., editor. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology A textbook of Medical Imaging. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Limited; 2003. pp. 1733–58.

Chong J, Som PM, Silvers AR, Dalton JF. Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the muscles of mastication. Am J Neuroradiol. 1998 ;19(10):1849–51.

Chun CW, Jee W-H, Park HJ, Kim YJ, Park J-M, Lee S-H, et al. MRI Features of Skeletal Muscle Lymphoma. Am J Roentgenol. 2010 ;195(6):1355–60.

Moog F, Kotzerke J, Reske SN. FDG PET Can Replace Bone Scintigraphy in Primary Staging of Malignant Lymphoma. J Nucl Med. 1999 ;40(9):1407–13.

Evan-Sapir E. Imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic and hybrid modalities. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1356–67.

Eckardt AM et al. World J Surg Oncol. 2013;11:73.

Ahmed S et al. Am J Med Sci. 2006;331(2):79-83.

Bone marrowAntigen-Driven Lymphomagenesis and Microbial-Targeted Therapy. Ann Oncol. 2008;19(5):835-46. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm513

Maksimovic O, Bethge W, Pintoffl J et al. Marginal Zone B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type: Imaging Findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(3):921-30. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.2629 -

Aiken AH, Glastonbury C. Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am 2008; 46:363–378

Zhu L, Wang P, Yang J, Yu Q. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the parotid gland: CT and MR imaging findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42:20130046–20130046.

Das S, Kirsch CF. Imaging of lumps and bumps in the nose: a review of sinonasal tumors. Cancer imaging: the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society. 2005;5:167–77.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


© Copyright PJR 2008-