Prognostic indices for pregnancy outcome on ultrasound: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Purpose: To Determine the prognostic significance of sonographic measurements of umbilical cord thickness and area in pregnancy and their relation to pregnancy outcome.

Material and Methods:  230 pregnant patients were referred for  the study. Ultrasound was performed and the 190 patients who satisfied the criteria were included in study. Umbilical cord diameter and cross sectional area were measured in 20-24 weeks gestation. The patients were followed and after delivery birth weight, 5-minute APGAR score of baby were recorded .The sonographic parameters (umbilical cord diameter, cross sectional area) were compared with baby birth weight, 5-minute APGAR score . Pearson correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to determine the prognostic significance of these parameters

Results: The mean umbilical cord diameter was 1.42mm, mean cross sectional area was 140.mm².Mean birth weight was 3112.15 gms and mean APGAR score was 7. Statistically significant correlation was found (P<0.05) between umbilical cord diameter, cross sectional area and baby birth weight, APGAR score.

Conclusion: The sonographic parameters of umbilical cord diameter, and cross sectional area measured between 20-24 weeks of gestation are good prognostic tool, especially in rural areas, for pregnancy outcome. Sonographic finding of a lean umbilical cord should prompt the physician for strict monitoring of the pregnancy.

 Key words: Ultrasound (USG), umbilical cord diameter, umbilical cord cross sectional area, low birth weight (LBW)