PERINEURAL SPREAD IN HEAD AND NECK PATHOLOGIES: A PICTORIAL REVIEW.
Abstract
The perineural space is a potential space between neural elements and the epineural sheath in a nerve. This can serve as a conduit for the spread of malignant, inflammatory and infective head and neck pathologies to a location distant from their source of origin. Imaging techniques, including contrast-enhanced MRI and PET-CT scans play an important role in the identification of this entity. This is a series of three cases of head and neck pathologies with perineural intracranial extension of disease, with emphasis on anatomy and imaging features of nerve involvement.
References
Brown IS (2016) Pathology of Perineural Spread. J Neurol Surg Part B Skull Base 77:124–130
Solares CA, Brown I, Boyle GM, Parsons PG, Panizza B. Neural cell adhesion molecule expression: no correlation with perineural invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2009; 31 (6) 802-806
15. Parsi K, Raghavendra K, Itgampalli, Vittal R, Kumar A. Perineural spread of rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013 Jul-Sep;16(3):414–17.
Chang PC, Fischbein NJ, McCalmont TH, et al. Perineural spread of malignant melanoma of the head and neck: clinical and imaging features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:5–11
Mazziotti S, Gaeta M, Blandino A, Vinci S, Pandolfo I. Perinueral spread in a case of sinonasal sarcoidosis: case report. AJNR 2001:22:1207 –1208
Cox CS, Stallworth DG, Ahmed KA, Trad J. Perineural Tumor Spread Involving the Trigeminal and Facial Nerves: A Review of Critical Imaging Findings.
Ong CK, Chong VFH. Imaging of perineural spread in head and neck tumours, Cancer Imaging, 2010, vol.10 Spec No A (pg.S92-S98
Paes FM, Singer AD, Checkver AN, Palmquist RA, La Vega GD, Sidani C. Perineural spread in head and neck malignancies: clinical significance and evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Radiographics. 2013;33:1717–36.
Gospodarowicz MK, Brierley JD, Wittekind C, editors. TNM classification of malignant tumours. John Wiley & Sons; 2017 Jan 17.
Amit M, Eran A, Billan S, Fridman E, Na'ara S, Charas T, Gil Z. Perineural spread in noncutaneous head and neck cancer: new insights into an old problem. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base. 2016 Apr;77(02):086-95.
Johnston M, Yu E, Kim J. Perineural invasion and spread in head and neck cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther2012;12(3):359–371
Warden KF, Parmar H, Trobe JD. Perineural spread of cancer along the three trigeminal divisions. J Neuroophthalmol2009;29(4):300–307
Lee KJ, Abemayor E, Sayre J, et al. Determination of perineural invasion preoperatively on radiographic images. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:275–280
Maroldi R, Farina D, Borghesi A, Marconi A, Gatti E Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2008 May; 18(2):413-29
Marsot-Dupuch K, Matozza F, Firat MM, Iyriboz AT, Chabolle F, Tubiana JM. Mandibular nerve: MR versus CT about 10 proved unusual tumors. Neuroradiology.
